Readings
A Laborator Study of Railway Ballast Behaviour under Traffic Loading and Tamping Maintenance
by Bhanitiz Aursudkij, University of Nottingham
Disertation on studying effects of tamping on ballast. Page 1: Track settlement occurs after long-term service. According to Selig and Waters (1994), ballast contributes the most to track settlement as shown in Figure 1.1 even though one of the functions of ballast is to restrain track geometry.
An Overview of Evolutionary Algorithms in Multiobjective Optimization
by Carlos M. Fonsecay and Peter J. Fleming
Optimising for multiple criteria using evolutionary algorithms, good because can handle discontinuities, multimodality, disjoint feasible spaces, and noisy functions.
Dispatching of Train Operations using Genetic Algorithms
by Stefan Wegele and Eckehard Schnieder, Technical University Braunschweig
Use of genetic algorithms to optimise train scheduling around problems.
Evolutionary Computation
by IEEE Press
Book of therory of evolutionary computation with some specific examples.
Intoduction to Track Renewals
by Tim Eaton / Network Rail
Track renewal % of network renewed & cost spend, breakdown by rail, sleepers, ballast for 5 1-year periods
October 2007 Strategic Buisness Plan - Asset Management
by Network Rail
<bold>CONFIDENTIAL</bold> Page 47: Section on track asset management. Page 50:Definitions of classes of track, primary, secondary, rural, etc. Page 51: Descriptions of track components and associated purpose, e.g. sub-grade to support forces from ballast and collect water to drainage. Page 52: Statement of train bourn systems as primary method of geometry recording, quality = performance. Page 55-:Details of track maintenance strategy and renewal criteria. Descripts of impact on buisness and physic impact (Page 93) Page 76: Deterioration rates are increased by: • high train speeds • heavy annual tonnages • heavy axle weights • jointed track construction • inappropriate maintenance Page 77: Other causes of deterioration include: • vehicle suspension characteristics • poor wheel/rail interface (caused by inappropriate wheel and/or rail profiles) • poor vehicle and train management, e.g. causing wheel flats • weather and other external factors • tamping (improves track geometry but wears out ballast) • insufficient or irregular track access Page 80: Service life curves; rail, sleeps, and S&C. Page 81: curved rail is replaced at half the service life of straight rail Page 100,111: Costs of maintenance, 0.3-1.5 / renewal , 1.5-3.0 thousands Page 103: Notes on grinding strategy Page 112: Asset performance indicators
Rail Infrastructure Cost Benchmarking
by Carlos M. Fonsecay and Peter J. Flemingz, Network Rail
Data on breakdown of maintenance / renewal expendature, including some data on effect of general improved track quality on total maintenance costs (70% to 80% resulting in 13% lower maintenance cost based on Sweden). Has some specific maintenance costs for e.g. rail / sleeper renewal.
Railway junction conflict resolution by genetic algorithm
by T.K. Ho and T.H. Yeung
Use of genetic algorithm to schedule right-of-way through junctions.